MacOS is based on the Unix operating system and on technologies developed between 1985 and 1997 at NeXT, a company that Apple co-founder Steve Jobs created after leaving Apple in 1985. The 'X' in Mac OS X and OS X is the Roman numeral for the number 10 and is pronounced as such. Open Source Software for running Windows applications on other operating systems. Such as Linux, macOS, & BSD. Instead of simulating internal Windows logic like a virtual machine or emulator, Wine translates Windows API calls into POSIX calls on-the-fly, eliminating the performance and memory penalties of other methods and allowing you to. OS X puts more than a thousand Unix commands at your fingertips—for finding and managing files, remotely accessing your Mac from other computers, and using freely downloadable open source applications. If you’re an experienced Mac user, this updated edition teaches you all the basic commands you need to get started with Unix.
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macOS Commands
Mac commands are rarely unique: most of them are inherited from Unix operating systems. If you’re familiar with one of the common Linux or Unix-like operating systems, you probably know all the basic MacOS commands you’ll need.
Uniquely MacOS Commands
These commands are found only on Mac platform (and not Linux), some originating from BSD: Yaadein yaad aati hai song free download mp3.
- softwareupdate – controlling updates in your MacOS
- dscacheutil
- hdiutil – manipulating disk images (attach, verify, create)
- ISO to USB on MacOS
- diskutil – disk and partitions manager
- how to list disk partitions with diskutil
- how to rename partition with diskutil
- sw_vers – confirm MacOS version
- scutil – manage system configuration
- how to change hostname with scutil
- networksetup – network configuration tool
- kextstat – list kernel extensions in macOS
- kextfind – find kernel extension files in macOS- Find kernel extensions in macOS
macOS Releases
- macOS Catalina
See Also
You may not realize it, but your Mac already runs a variant of UNIX. You can easily access a terminal window to use your computer's built-in UNIX functionality with the 'Terminal' program (Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app). You may want to make a shortcut to this program in your Dock, since you'll be using it a lot from now on. Similarly, you can use your Mac directly to log into a UNIX server, and even to transfer files to/from a UNIX server.
Enabling X11-Forwarding (Popping up windows from the UNIX server)
Your Mac comes with another program that enables you to display graphics from programs running on a remote UNIX/Linux server, called 'XQuartz' (Applications/Utilities/XQuartz.app). On older OS X systems this program was called 'X11' and was located in essentially the same location. If neither of these programs are currently installed on your Mac, you can download XQuartz from the Mac App Store (free).
To enable forwarding, just run XQuartz/X11 before starting Terminal. If a xterm window pops up from XQuartz/X11, you may close that window before starting Terminal, since Terminal is more feature-rich than XTerm (my opinion). Once XQuartz/X11 is running, when you log into remote UNIX servers (as shown in the next section) you should be able to display remote graphics.
Logging into an UNIX server
The standard protocol for logging into a modern UNIX server is through using a Secure SHell (SSH) client. OS X has built-in SSH functionality, through the 'ssh' command in the Terminal.
To use ssh from the Terminal:
- Open Terminal.
- At the command line, type
ssh username@hostname -CY
orssh username@hostname -CX
(the Y vs X difference is minimal, and will not affect your user experience, just remember to use one of them). Here, username is your user name on the UNIX server, and hostname is the name of the UNIX server. For example, I could log into the UNIX server titan.smu.edu with the commandssh [email protected] -CY
For additional information on using ssh, type
man ssh
(short for manual) in the Terminal window.
Transferring files to and from a UNIX server (terminal)
You may copy files to and from a UNIX/Linux server in the Terminal window as well, using the 'scp' command. The syntax is either
scp file_to_copy_from username@hostname:file_to_copy_to
or
scp username@hostname:file_to_copy_from file_to_copy_to
depending on whether you want to copy the file to or from the UNIX server. For example, suppose I have a file named 'file1' in my home directory on titan, and I want to copy it to the current directory on my Mac (the one the terminal is in, type 'pwd' to see which directory you are in if unsure):
scp [email protected]:file1 .
or
scp [email protected]:file1 file1
would give the desired result. Suppose now that I have the file 'file2' in the current directory on my Mac that I want to copy to my home directory on titan:
scp file2 [email protected]:
or
scp file2 [email protected]:file2
Unix For Mac Os X
would do the trick. For more information on the 'scp' command, type man scp in the terminal.
Transferring files to and from a UNIX server (graphical)
Fetch
Unix For Mac Os X
One of the most popular graphical file transfer options in OS X is the program Fetch. This is not a free program.
To use Fetch, fill in the UNIX hostname (e.g. titan.smu.edu), your username on that host (e.g. reynolds), and your password on that host, then click 'Connect'. You will then see a display of your remote directory on the UNIX server. Transfer files by dragging them to and from the Finder.
FileZilla
A free alternative to Fetch that may be used from OS X, Windows and Linux is is FileZilla. To install FileZilla in OS X:
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- Download the FileZilla client for Mac OS X from here.
- Open the FileZilla installation file to unpack the application.
- You may run Filezilla.app from the Desktop, or you can instead move it to your Applications folder.
To use FileZilla, fill in the fields for the host (e.g. titan.smu.edu), your username on that host (e.g. reynolds), your password, and the port (use 22 for SFTP), and hit [return]. You should notice two file browser windows open up, the browser on the left is on your computer, the browser on the right is from the UNIX host (e.g. titan). Transfer files by dragging them from one computer to the other with your mouse.
Is Mac Os Unix Based
D.R. Reynolds, 28 August 2014